Comparison of clear-sky surface radiative fluxes simulated with radiative transfer models

نویسندگان

  • E. Puckrin
  • H. Lavoie
چکیده

The surface fluxes of several important radiatively active gases, including H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, and the chlorofluorocarbons CFC11 and CFC12, were simulated with the radiation band models from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) community climate model 3 (CCM3), the single-column community atmospheric model (SCAM), and the Canadian global climate model 3 (GCM3). These results were compared with the measured fluxes for a very cold winter day and with the simulated results for other standard atmospheres using the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM). The comparison shows that the total surface radiative flux contributed by all the greenhouse gases combined is well simulated by the SCAM and GCM3 radiation band models. The two models generally agree within about 1% of the line-by-line result for all the atmospheric conditions studied. The error in the total flux simulated by the older CCM3 code, however, can be as large as 7% depending on the atmospheric conditions. The SCAM code consistently models H2O better than the CCM3 and GCM3 codes, typically displaying errors of less than 1 W/m 2 for all atmospheric conditions. All of the models have difficulty in modelling accurately the radiative flux of CH4 and N2O. In general, the inaccuracy increases, by as much as 200% in some cases, as the amount of H2O in the atmosphere increases. The source of the problem appears to be related to the overlapping bands of other gases. The error in the ozone flux varies from 5% to 15% for the CCM3 and SCAM models, and it can be as large as 30% for the GCM3 code. The CCM3 and SCAM models simulated the chlorofluorocarbon fluxes to within 0.06 W/m2, but this leads to relative errors of 20%–40% for the various atmospheric scenarios. The errors for the CFCs are even larger in the case of the GCM3 model. Résumé. Les flux de surface de plusieurs gaz actifs importants au plan radiatif, incluant H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O, O3 et les chlorofluorocarbures CFC11 et CFC12, ont été simulés à l’aide des modèles de transfert radiatif à bande étroite CCM3 (« NCAR community climate model 3 »), SCAM (« single-column community atmospheric model ») et GCM3 (« Canadian global climate model 3 »). Ces résultats ont été comparés aux flux mesurés pour une journée très froide d’hiver et aux résultats de simulation pour d’autres atmosphères standard utilisant le modèle de transfert radiatif raie par raie LBLRTM (« line-by-line radiative transfer model »). La comparaison montre que le flux radiatif total de surface résultant de l’effet combiné de tous les gaz à effet de serre est bien simulé par les modèles de transfert radiatif SCAM et GCM3. Les deux modèles sont généralement en accord à l’intérieur de 1 % par rapport au résultat obtenu avec le modèle raie par raie pour toutes les conditions atmosphériques étudiées. Toutefois, l’erreur dans le flux total simulé à l’aide du code plus ancien CCM3 peut être aussi élevée que 7 % selon les conditions atmosphériques. Le code SCAM modélise mieux et de façon plus constante H2O que les codes CCM3 et GCM3, affichant typiquement des erreurs de moins de 1 W/m 2 pour toutes les conditions atmosphériques. Tous les modèles ont de la difficulté à modéliser de façon précise le flux radiatif de CH4 et N2O. En général, l’imprécision augmente, jusqu’à 200 % dans certains cas, en fonction de l’accroissement de H2O dans l’atmosphère. La source du problème semble être reliée au phénomène de la superposition des bandes des autres gaz. L’erreur dans le flux de l’ozone varie de 5 %–15 %, pour les modèles CCM3 et SCAM, et peut être aussi considérable que 30 % dans le cas du code GCM3. Les modèles CCM3 et SCAM simulent les flux de chlorofluorocarbures à l’intérieur de 0.06 W/m2, mais ceci entraîne des erreurs relatives de 20 %–40 % pour les divers scénarios atmosphériques. Les erreurs au niveau des CFC sont encore plus grandes dans le cas du modèle GCM3. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Validation of the RRTM Shortwave Radiation Model and Comparison to GCM Shortwave Models

An important step toward improving radiative transfer codes in general circulation models (GCMs) is to thoroughly evaluate them either by comparison to measurements directly or by comparing them to other data-validated radiation models. The Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) shortwave (SW) radiation model accurately reproduces direct beam fluxes from the Line-by-Line Radiative Transfer Model...

متن کامل

A new approach for simultaneously retrieving cloud albedo and cloud fraction from surface-based shortwave radiation measurements

Surface-based measurements of shortwave (SW) radiative fluxes contain valuable information on cloud properties, but have not been fully used to infer those properties. Here a new analytical approach is presented that simultaneously infers cloud albedo and cloud fraction from surface-based measurements of total and direct radiative fluxes. An inspection of the analytical formulation reveals that...

متن کامل

Mineral Dust Impact on Short- and Long-wave Radiation and Comparison with Ceres Measurements

Clear-sky downward and upward radiative flux measurements both in the shortand in the longwave spectral range have been used to estimate and analyze the radiation changes at the surface due to the mineral dust advection at a Central Mediterranean site. Then, shortand long-wave radiative fluxes retrieved from the CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System) radiometer sensors operating o...

متن کامل

Spectral and Broadband Longwave Downwelling Radiative Fluxes, Cloud Radiative Forcing, and Fractional Cloud Cover over the South Pole

Annual cycles of downwelling broadband infrared radiative flux and spectral downwelling infrared flux were determined using data collected at the South Pole during 2001. Clear-sky conditions are identified by comparing radiance ratios of observed and simulated spectra. Clear-sky fluxes are in the range of 110–125 W m 2 during summer (December–January) and 60–80 W m 2 during winter (April–Septem...

متن کامل

Solar radiation budget and radiative forcing due to aerosols and clouds

[1] This study integrates global data sets for aerosols, cloud physical properties, and shortwave radiation fluxes with a Monte Carlo Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation (MACR) model to estimate both the surface and the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation budget as well as atmospheric column solar absorption. The study also quantifies the radiative forcing of aerosols and that of clouds. The observatio...

متن کامل

Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models

[1] A primary component of the observed recent climate change is the radiative forcing from increased concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs). Effective simulation of anthropogenic climate change by general circulation models (GCMs) is strongly dependent on the accurate representation of radiative processes associated with water vapor, ozone, and LLGHGs. In the context of the inc...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2004